Correlação entre níveis de sindecano 1, escore PELOD-2 e mortalidade em sepse pediátrica / Correlation between syndecan-1 level and PELOD-2 score and mortality in pediatric sepsis

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre a lesão do glicocálix medida pelo nível sérico de sindecano 1 e as disfunções de órgãos avaliadas com o escore PELOD-2, assim como avaliar sua associação com a mortalidade em sepse pediátrica. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo observacional em um hospital terciário público. Sessenta e oito pacientes pediátricos, com diagnóstico de sepse segundo os critérios da International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference, foram consecutivamente recrutados. Nos dias 1 e 5, realizaram-se dosagens dos níveis séricos de sindecano 1 e avaliação dos componentes do escore PELOD-2. Os pacientes foram seguidos por até 28 dias após o diagnóstico de sepse. Resultados: Em geral, o nível de sindecano 1 estava aumentado em todos os participantes, com nível significantemente mais elevado nos pacientes em choque (p = 0,01). O nível de sindecano 1 no dia 1 teve correlação positiva com o escore PELOD-2 no dia 1 e coeficiente de correlação de 0,35 (p = 0,003). Nos primeiros 5 dias após o diagnóstico de sepse, as alterações nos níveis de sindecano 1 tiveram correlação positiva com modificações no escore PELOD-2, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,499 (p < 0,001). Com utilização de um ponto de corte dos níveis de sindecano 1 no dia 1 ≥ 430ng/mL, a disfunção de órgãos (escore PELOD-2 ≥ 8) pôde ser predita com área sob a curva de 74,3%, sensibilidade de 78,6% e especificidade de 68,5% (p = 0,001). Conclusão: O nível de sindecano 1 no dia 1 teve correlação com o escore PELOD-2 no dia 1, porém não se associou com a mortalidade aos 28 dias. A disfunção de órgãos (PELOD-2 ≥ 8) pôde ser predita pelo nível de sindecano 1 nas primeiras 24 horas de sepse, sugerindo seu significante envolvimento na fisiopatologia da disfunção de órgãos associada à sepse.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the correlation between glycocalyx disruption measured via the serum syndecan-1 level and organ dysfunctions assessed by the PELOD-2 score and to evaluate its association with mortality in pediatric sepsis. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in a tertiary public hospital. Sixty-eight pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis according to International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference criteria were consecutively recruited. We performed measurements of day 1 and day 5 serum syndecan-1 levels and PELOD-2 score components. Patients were followed up to 28 days following sepsis diagnosis. Results: Overall, the syndecan-1 level was increased in all subjects, with a significantly higher level among septic shock patients (p = 0.01). The day 1 syndecan-1 level was positively correlated with the day 1 PELOD-2 score with a correlation coefficient of 0.35 (p = 0.003). Changes in syndecan-1 were positively correlated with changes in the PELOD-2 score, with a correlation coefficient of 0.499 (p < 0.001) during the first five days. Using the cutoff point of day 1 syndecan-1 ≥ 430ng/mL, organ dysfunction (PELOD-2 score of ≥ 8) could be predicted with an AUC of 74.3%, sensitivity of 78.6%, and specificity of 68.5% (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The day 1 syndecan-1 level was correlated with the day 1 PELOD-2 score but not 28-day mortality. Organ dysfunction (PELOD-2 ≥ 8) could be predicted by the syndecan-1 level in the first 24 hours of sepsis, suggesting its significant pathophysiological involvement in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction.

Expressão estromal e epitelial de syndecan-1 em tumores de glândulas salivares benignos e malignos: qual delas reflete melhor o comportamento? / Stromal and epithelial syndecan-1 expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: which is more reflective of behavior?

Resumo Introdução: Tumores de glândulas salivares são um grupo diversificado de lesões, com várias origens e comportamentos extremamente diferentes, resultam em distintos desfechos para os pacientes. Portanto, a necessidade de descobrir novos marcadores com a capacidade de predizer o comportamento de neoplasias de glândulas salivares benignas e malignas é crucial. O syndecan-1 é uma proteína da superfície celular com papéis significativos em vários aspectos da função tumoral. Sua expressão nas neoplasias das glândulas salivares, especialmente seu componente estromal, ainda não foi investigada. Objetivos: Avaliar a imunopositividade do syndecan-1 nos componentes epiteliais e estromais das neoplasias de glândulas salivares e compará-la entre os subtipos benigno e maligno, além de avaliar sua correlação com os parâmetros clínico-patológicos. Método: Foram corados 133 tumores de glândulas salivares imuno-histoquimicamente com syndecan-1 e a intensidade e porcentagem dessa proteína foram determinadas, comparadas entre as lesões e correlacionadas com fatores clínico-patológicos. Resultados: A análise estatística das lesões com tamanho amostral suficiente mostrou diferenças significantes em porcentagem e intensidade entre os componentes epiteliais e estromais de todos os tumores (p < 0,05). As comparações pareadas demonstraram uma porcentagem de coloração significantemente maior das células epiteliais (p = 0,02) no tumor de Warthin em comparação com o adenoma pleomórfico e o carcinoma adenoide cístico. Da mesma forma, foram observadas intensidades de coloração e/ou percentagens significantemente maiores no carcinoma mucoepidermoide e no carcinoma adenoide cístico em comparação ao adenoma pleomórfico e ao tumor de Warthin (p < 0,05). Dos fatores clinico-patológicos, houve apenas uma correlação negativa significante entre o percentual estromal de carcinoma mucoepidermoide e a idade; e uma diferença significante entre a intensidade estromal + porcentagem de carcinoma adenoide cístico e sexo (p < 0,05). Conclusões: De acordo com nossos achados, o syndecan-1 estromal se correlaciona com o comportamento maligno de tumores de glândulas salivares, demonstra uma expressão mais alta, indica um papel para o syndecan-1 na invasão e metástase tumoral.

A hiperemia reativa correlaciona-se com presença de sepse e degradação de glicocálix na unidade de terapia intensiva: um estudo de coorte prospectiva / Reactive hyperemia correlates with the presence of sepsis and glycocalyx degradation in the intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se a hiperemia reativa correlaciona-se com marcadores de disfunção endotelial e pode ser utilizada para identificar sepse na doença crítica. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo em uma coorte de pacientes críticos. A disfunção endotelial foi avaliada quando da admissão, por meio da quantificação de hiperemia por tonometria arterial periférica e níveis plasmáticos de endotelina 1, E-selectina solúvel, endocana e sindecano 1. Os pacientes sépticos foram comparados com pacientes sem evidência de infecção. Resultados: Cinquenta e oito pacientes sépticos foram comparados com 28 controle. O logaritmo natural da tonometria arterial periférica teve correlação negativa com comorbidades cardiovasculares, severidade da doença e níveis plasmáticos de E-selectina solúvel (p = 0,024) e sindecano 1 (p < 0,001). O logaritmo natural da tonometria arterial periférica foi mais baixo nos pacientes sépticos quando comparado com os de pacientes controle (0,53 ± 0,48 versus 0,69 ± 0,42, respectivamente) e, quando ajustado à idade, o modelo multivariado predisse que cada 0,1 de diminuição em unidades de logaritmo natural da tonometria arterial periférica levou a aumento de 14,6% na probabilidade de infecção. Conclusão: A hiperemia reativa avaliada por tonometria arterial periférica tem estreita relação com E-selectina solúvel e sindecano 1, o que sugere associação entre ativação endotelial, degradação de glicocálix e reatividade vascular. A hiperemia reativa por tonometria arterial periférica parece estar comprometida em pacientes críticos, especialmente os com sepse.

Abstract Objective: To investigate whether reactive hyperemia measured by peripheral arterial tonometry correlates with markers of endothelial dysfunction and may be used to identify sepsis in critical illness. Methods: A prospective study was performed using a cohort of critically ill patients. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed on admission by quantifying reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry and plasma levels of endothelin-1, soluble E-selectin, endocan and syndecan-1. Septic patients were compared to patients without evidence of infection. Results: Fifty-eight septic patients were compared to 28 controls. The natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry was negatively correlated with cardiovascular comorbidities, disease severity and plasma levels of soluble E-selectin (p = 0.024) and syndecan-1 (p < 0.001). The natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry was lower in septic patients than in controls (0.53 ± 0.48 versus 0.69 ± 0.42, respectively). When adjusted for age, the multivariable model predicted that each 0.1-unit decrease in natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry increased the odds for infection by 14.6%. m. Conclusion: Reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry is closely related to soluble E-selectin and syndecan-1, suggesting an association between endothelial activation, glycocalyx degradation and vascular reactivity. Reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry appears to be compromised in critically ill patients, especially those with sepsis.

Effect of ulinastatin on perioperative glycocalyx and lung function in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To explore the effect of ulinastatin on perioperative glycocalyx and lung function in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery.
 Methods: Fourty patients, undergoing mitral valve replacement, were randomly allocated into a control group and an ulinastatin group, which were administrated 50 mL normal saline or 2×104 U/kg ulinastatin at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), respectively. The radical artery blood was collected at 4 time points: After induction of anesthesia (T0), at 10 min after the start of CPB (T1), 1 h after the end of CPB (T2), and 8 h after operation. The concentration of syndecan-1 and TNF-α in blood was measured. Moreover, the blood gas analysis was preformed and the oxygen index (OI) and difference in alveolar arterial oxygen partial pressure (PA-aO2) were calculated at T0, T2, and T3.
 Results: There were no significant difference between the 2 groups in OI, PA-aO2, and the concentration of syndecan-1 and TNF-α at T0 (P>0.05). The concentration of syndecan-1 and TNF-α was significantly increased at T1 and T2 in the 2 groups, and reached peak at T2. Compared with the control group, the concentration of syndecan-1 and TNF-α was decreased in the ulinastatin group at T1, T2, and T3 (P<0.05). Compared with T0, OI was lower and PA-aO2 was higher at T2 and T3 in both groups, but the 2 indexes were improved in the ulinastatin group compared with those in the control group (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Ulinastatin can improve the post-operative pulmonary ventilation function in patients with mitral valve replacement. The mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of TNF-α release and the reduction of glycocalyx shedding induced by ulinastatin.

Syndecan-1 (sCD138) levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical and hematological correlations

BACKGROUND: Syndecan-1 (sCD138) has recently been suggested to predict the clinical course of early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but few studies have been reported. This study assessed the role of syndecan-1 in the prognosis of patients with CLL and its correlation with other prognostic markers. METHODS: This prospective study was performed in the hematology department of an Indian tertiary care center, over nineteen months (Jun. 2009–Jan. 2011). Forty-nine new patients with CLL presented during this period and were included. Twenty age- and gender-matched healthy patients served as controls, and six patients with multiple myeloma were included as positive controls. Baseline serum syndecan-1 concentrations were measured for all patients at presentation using ELISA (Diaclone, Besancon, France). At baseline, patients were divided into low (N=10), intermediate (N=18) and high (N=21) risk cohorts. Serum syndecan-1 levels in these patient subgroups were compared with clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: The median syndecan-1 level in patients with CLL (73.32 ng/mL, range, 28.71–268.0 ng/mL) was marginally higher than that in healthy patients (63.10 ng/mL, range, 55.0–75.11 ng/mL). At presentation, syndecan-1 levels in patients with CLL correlated strongly with symptomatic disease (cytopenias, P=0.004) and higher clinical stage (Rai stage III and IV, P=0.001) markers and poorly with β2-microglobulin level (P=0.270), diffuse BM infiltration (P=0.882), and surrogate mutation status markers (CD 38, P=0.174 and ZAP-70, P=0.459). Syndecan-1 levels dichotomized by the median value were higher with progressive disease markers, e.g. shorter lymphocyte doubling time (LDT, P=0.015) and increased treatment (P=0.099). CONCLUSION: In CLL, serum syndecan-1 (sCD138) levels at presentation correlate with disease burden, and higher baseline levels may predict early treatment.

Association between syndecan-1 and renal function in adolescents with excess weight: evidence of subclinical kidney disease and endothelial dysfunction

Excess weight (overweight and obesity) is associated with kidney and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between syndecan-1 and renal function among adolescents with excess weight. A total of 56 students from a public school at Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, were investigated. The adolescents were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, including weight, height, blood pressure and body mass index. Blood and urine samples were collected for the determination of serum lipids (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), and the endothelial injury biomarker syndecan-1. Participants' mean age was 16±1 years (range 14-19 years), and 68% were females. Overweight was observed in 4 cases (7.1%) and obesity in 7 (12.5%). Changes in serum lipid levels were more frequent in the overweight group. A positive correlation between syndecan-1 and serum creatinine (r=0.5, P=0.001) and triglycerides (r=0.37, P=0.004), and a negative correlation with glomerular filtration rate (r=-0.33, P=0.02) were found. These findings suggest that adolescents with excess weight present incipient changes at the cellular level that make them more vulnerable to the development of kidney and cardiovascular diseases.

Syndecan-1 is a potential biomarker for triple-positive breast carcinomas in Asian women with correlation to survival

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>While overexpression of syndecan-1 has been associated with aggressive breast cancer in the Caucasian population, the expression pattern of syndecan-1 in Asian women remains unclear. Triple-positive breast carcinoma, in particular, is a unique subtype that has not been extensively studied. We aimed to evaluate the role of syndecan-1 as a potential biomarker and prognostic factor for triple-positive breast carcinoma in Asian women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemistry, staining scores of 61 triple‑positive breast carcinoma specimens were correlated with patients' clinicopathological variables such as age, ethnicity, tumour size, histological grade, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion, associated ductal carcinoma in situ grade, recurrence and overall survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Syndecan-1 had intense staining scores in triple‑positive invasive ductal breast carcinomas when compared to normal breast tissue. On multivariate analysis, syndecan-1 epithelial total percentage and immunoreactivity score showed statistical correlation with survival (p = 0.02).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intense staining scores of syndecan-1 and their correlation with overall survival in patients with triple-positive breast carcinoma suggest that syndecan-1 may have a role as a biological and prognostic marker in patients with this specific subtype of breast cancer.</p>

A Case of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Concomitant with Plasma Cell Myeloma

No abstract available.

Plasmacytoma of the pancreas: an unusual manifestation of multiple myeloma

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pancreas is a rare entity. Although this condition is uncommon, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid mass in the pancreas, especially in patients with underlying multiple myeloma. We report a case of pancreatic plasmacytoma in a 56-year-old woman with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. We highlight this rare manifestation of multiple myeloma among other better recognised presentations.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the urinary bladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic findings of 16 cases of PUC were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical study (MaxVision method) was carried out. The follow-up data were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 15 males and 1 female. The age of patients ranged from 40 years to 85 years (median = 64 years). Most patients (15/16) presented with hematuria. The tumor cells were small to medium in size and contained eccentric nuclei and moderate to abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, assuming a plasmacytoid appearance. The architectural pattern varied from loosely cohesive sheets to cords, papillae, small nests or gland-like structures. Most tumors invaded into the lamina propria or muscularis propria. Twelve of the 16 cases had concurrent conventional urothelial carcinoma component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells in all cases were strongly positive for AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen, CK7 and CK18. CK20 and uroplakin III were also expressed in 9 cases. CEA, p53, CD138, p63 and E-cadherin were positive in 12, 13, 15, 11 and 10 cases, respectively. Ki-67 index ranged from 5% to 70% (mean = 30%). All tumors were negative for vimentin, LCA, kappa/lambda light chains, S-100 protein, HMB 45,Melan A, smooth muscle actin and desmin. Follow-up information was available in 13 patients. The duration of follow up ranged from 3 months to 10 years. Three patients died of distant metastasis at 3, 27 and 60 months after the operation, respectively. One patient was alive with disease at 25 months. One was alive at 43 months with a prior recurrence. Another 8 patients were alive and disease free at 7 to 120 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PUC of the urinary bladder is a rare variant of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study with positivity for CK7, CK20, p63 and uroplakin III and negative staining for vimentin and LCA may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. PUC is a malignant tumor with high invasiveness, high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Radical cystectomy is considered as the first line treatment for PUC.</p>

Expression and clinical significance of Notch1 on the membrane of bone marrow CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells in the patients with multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Notch1 on the membrane of bone marrow CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells in the patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and explore the importance of Notch signaling pathway in the formation and progression of MM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty three MM patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The expression of Notch1 on the membrane of bone marrow CD38(+)CD138(+) and CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The clinical data of MM patients were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients was (60.21 ± 25.06)% which was significantly higher than those of CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells of MM patients (39.84 ± 18.94)% (P = 0.000) and controls (38.34 ± 19.39)% (P = 0.004). There was no statistical difference between the two latter groups (P > 0.05). The expression of Notch1 on CD38(+)CD138(+)plasma cells from 24 newly diagnosed MM patients was correlated to the level of malignant plasma cells in there bone marrow (r = 0.914, P = 0.000), serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.754, P = 0.007), and β(2)-MG(r = 0.716, P = 0.013). The ratio of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients who had renal dysfunction was correlated to their abnormal serum creatinine levels. The expression of Notch1 on CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells from 17 MM patients who received VD (bortezamib and dexamethasone) chemotherapy was correlated to the ratio of plasma cell reduction after the first VD chemotherapy (r = 0.842, P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of Notch1 on the membrane of CD38(+)CD138(+) plasma cells of MM patients was significantly higher than those of CD38(+)CD138(-) plasma cells of MM patients and controls. Notch1 overexpressed plasma cells were sensitive to the early VD therapy, and correlated to the progression and long term outcome of MM.</p>

Immunohistochemical Study for Syndecan-1 and Beta-catenin Expression in Basal Cell Carcinoma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Syndecan-1 and beta-catenin are cell adhesion molecules, which are expressed primarily on the surface of adult epithelial cells. The expressions of them have been appeared to be inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of syndecan-1 and beta-catenin in tissue sections of the nodular and high-risk (micronodular and infiltrative type) basal cell carcinomas. METHODS: Ten cases of nodular basal cell carcinoma and 10 cases of high-risk basal cell carcinoma (each 5 cases of micronodular and infiltrative type) were investigated. Specimens were assessed for syndecan-1 and beta-catenin expression, using a semi-quantitative method in which the intensity of membranous staining was evaluated. RESULTS: In a nodular basal cell carcinoma, syndecan-1 and beta-catenin were expressed as similar intensity to normal epidermis. In high-risk basal cell carcinoma, syndecan-1 always showed decreased staining intensity relative to that showed in the normal skin. But, beta-catenin showed similar to normal epidermis in the 5 cases, and decreased intensity relative to that of the normal epidermis in the rest. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the decreased expression of syndecan-1 and beta-catenin in basal cell carcinoma is associated with the tumor aggressiveness. Especially, of the two adhesion molecules, syndecan-1 is more associated with the high-risk basal cell carcinoma.

Acute UV Irradiation Increases Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Levels in Human Skin

Glycosaminoglycans are important structural components in the skin and exist as various proteoglycan forms, except hyaluronic acid. Heparan sulfate (HS), one of the glycosaminoglycans, is composed of repeated disaccharide units, which are glucuronic acids linked to an N-acetyl-glucosamine or its sulfated forms. To investigate acute ultraviolet (UV)-induced changes of HS and HS proteoglycans (HSPGs), changes in levels of HS and several HSPGs in male human buttock skin were examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after 2 minimal erythema doses (MED) of UV irradiation (each n = 4-7). HS staining revealed that 2 MED of UV irradiation increased its expression, and staining for perlecan, syndecan-1, syndecan-4, CD44v3, and CD44 showed that UV irradiation increased their protein levels. However, analysis by real-time qPCR showed that UV irradiation did not change mRNA levels of CD44 and agrin, and decreased perlecan and syndecan-4 mRNA levels, while increased syndecan-1 mRNA level. As HS-synthesizing or -degrading enzymes, exostosin-1 and heparanase mRNA levels were increased, but exostosin-2 was decreased by UV irradiation. UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression was confirmed for proper experimental conditions. Acute UV irradiation increases HS and HSPG levels in human skin, but their increase may not be mediated through their transcriptional regulation.

Syndecan-1 (CD138) and Ki-67 expression in odontogenic cystic lesions

The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of syndecan-1 (CD138) and Ki-67 in radicular cysts (RC), dentigerous cysts (DC) and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOT). Thirty-five RC, 22 DC and 17 KOT were used in the study and immunohistochemical reactions using anti-syndecan-1 and anti-Ki-67 antibodies were performed by the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis of data. Among the studied lesions, no differences in the syndecan-1 expression were observed, but the suprabasal expression of Ki-67 was significantly higher in KOT (p<0.0001), when compared with RC and DC. In RC, there was positive correlation between the expression (p=0.02) and intensity (p=0.0001) of syndecan-1 and between the intensity of syndecan-1 and Ki-67 expression (p=0.01). In the KOT, Ki-67 expression in the suprabasal layer correlated positively with the expression (p=0.01) and intensity (p=0.01) of syndecan-1. The expression of syndecan-1 does not seem to be a determinant factor of the distinct histopathological features and biological behavior of the studied lesions. Nevertheless, positive correlation between syndecan-1 and a cell proliferation marker was observed in RC and KOT.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão imunoistoquímica de syndecan-1 (CD138) e Ki-67 em cistos radiculares (CR), cistos dentígeros (CD) e tumores odontogênicos queratocísticos (TOQ). Trinta e cinco CR, 22 CD e 17 TOQ foram utilizados no estudo e as reações imunoistoquímicas usando os anticorpos anti-syndecan-1 e anti-Ki-67 foram realizadas pelo método estreptavidina-biotina-peroxidase. Para análise estatística, o teste exato de Fisher e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foram utilizados. Entre as lesões estudadas, não foram observadas diferenças na expressão de syndecan-1, mas a expressão suprabasal de Ki-67 foi significativamente maior nos TOQ (p<0,0001), quando comparado aos CR e CD. No CR, havia correlação positiva entre a expressão (p=0,02) e intensidade (p=0,0001) de syndecan-1 e entre a intensidade de syndecan-1 e expressão de Ki-67 (p=0,01). No TOQ, a expressão de Ki-67 na camada suprabasal correlacionou positivamente com a expressão (p=0,01) e intensidade de expressão (p=0,01) de syndecan-1. A expressão de syndecan-1 não parece ser um fator determinante das características histopatológicas distintas e do comportamento biológico das lesões estudadas. Entretanto, correlação positiva entre syndecan-1 e um marcador de proliferação celular foi evidenciado em CR e TOQ.

Multiple Myeloma with Biclonal Gammopathy Accompanied by Prostate Cancer / 대한진단검사의학회지

We report a rare case of multiple myeloma with biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa and IgA lambda type) in a 58-year-old man with prostate cancer who presented with lower back pain. Through computed tomography (CT) imaging, an osteolytic lesion at the L3 vertebra and an enhancing lesion of the prostate gland with multiple lymphadenopathies were found. In the whole body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), an additional osteoblastic bone lesion was found in the left ischial bone. A prostate biopsy was performed, and adenocarcinoma was confirmed. Decompression surgery of the L3 vertebra was conducted, and the pathologic result indicated that the lesion was a plasma cell neoplasm. Immunofixation electrophoresis showed the presence of biclonal gammopathy (IgG kappa and IgA lambda). Bone marrow plasma cells (CD138 positive cells) comprised 7.2% of nucleated cells and showed kappa positivity. We started radiation therapy for the L3 vertebra lesion, with a total dose of 3,940 cGy, and androgen deprivation therapy as treatment for the prostate cancer.

Significance of CD138 in immunohistochemical profiles and its correlation with prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to classify the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into different prognostic subgroups according to four different detection methods of the expression of CD138, CD10, bcl-6, and MUM1. In particular to investigate the significance of CD138 in immunohistochemical profiles and its correlation with prognosis in DLBCL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the expression of CD138, CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1 in 106 cases of DLBCL and reconstructed into four different subtyping algorithms. Algorithm-1, according to the expression of CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1, the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups. Algorithm-2, according to the expression of CD138, CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1, the cases were assigned to A, B, C, D groups. Algorithm-3, according to the expression of CD10 and MUM1, the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups. Algorithm-4, according to the expression of CD138, CD10, bcl-6 and MUM1, the cases were assigned to GCB and non-GCB groups. Following up was included as well. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 13.0 and differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD138, MUM1, CD10 and bcl-6 were positive in 15.1% (16/106), 56.6% (60/106), 21.7 (23/106) and 26.4% (28/106), respectively. The expression of CD10 and bcl-6 was associated with favorable OS (P = 0.001 and 0.041, respectively), whereas the expression of CD138 was associated with unfavorable OS (P = 0.003). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, algorithm-1 and -4 were almost at the same level for prognosis of OS (OR = 0.259, 0.255) and PFS (OR = 0.248, 0.244).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both Hans's algorithm and Colombo's algorithm including CD138 detection are associated with the prognosis of DLBCL patients. The two algorithms have similar OR value according to Cox analysis. However, positive expression of CD138 is of minor significance in prediction of the prognosis in DLBCL patients.</p>

Investigation of 1q21 amplification in patients with multiple myeloma using I-FISH and cIg-FISH / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevlance of 1q21 amplification in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and its correlation with the progression and prognosis of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1q21 amplification was detected in 48 patients with MM using cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence with fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (cIg-FISH) and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (I-FISH) analysis combined with CD138 immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1q21 amplification (≥ 3 red signals) was detected in 26/48(54.2%) cases by cIg-FISH and 31/48 (64.6%) cases by I-FISH combined with CD138 MACS. There was a good consistency between the two methods (P>0.05). The mortality of patients with 1q21 amplification was significantly higher than those without (P< 0.05). No significant difference was detected in terms of sex, age, Durie-Salmon stage, subgroup and international staging system (ISS) stage between patients with 1q21 amplification and those without (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The frequency of 1q21 amplification in MM is high. There was also an association between the amplification and poor prognosis. cIg-FISH is consistent with CD138 MACS combined with I-FISH.</p>

Prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in cervical cancers / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Syndecans are reported to have variable expression in several solid tumors and blood cancers. The cause provoking altered expression of syndecans is not known to date. We studied copy number status of syndecan-1 (SDC1) and significance of SDC1 gene product (syndecan-1, SDC1) expression in cervical cancers. METHODS: Using 121 cases of cervical cancer tissues, we screened SDC1 expression pattern using immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the relationship between SDC1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. To find possible causes of the expression change, we exploited interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization to screen copy number alteration of SDC1. RESULTS: Among 121 cases, 101 (83.5%) were positive and 20 (16.4%) were negative for SDC1. Among the parameters, age, histological type, and grade were significantly associated with SDC1 expression (p<0.05). Strong SDC1 expression in the cytoplasm showed better patient survival (p=0.02). In multivariate regression model, grade and SDC1 expression were independent prognostic factors (p<0.05). SDC1 in cervical cancers did not show copy number alteration. CONCLUSION: Strong SDC1 expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells predicts better patient survival. The change of SDC1 expression in cervical cancers is not caused by copy number alteration of the gene.

Immunohistochemical Study for the Syndecan-1, E-cadher in and Beta-catenin Expressions in Epidermal Tumors / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin are cell adhesion molecules that are primarily expressed on the surface of adult epithelial cells. The expressions of them appear to be inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expressions of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin in tissue sections of normal sun-damaged skin, cutaneous premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in all stages of the evolution of lesions associated with sun exposure. METHODS: Ten normal skins from patients with actinic keratosis, 10 cases of seborrheic keratosis, 5 cases of actinic keratosis, 5 cases of Bowen's disease, 5 cases of keratoacanthoma without dysplatic cells, 5 cases of keratoacanthoma with dysplastic cells in an invasive margin, 5 cases of poor-differentiated squqmous cell carcinoma and 5 cases of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma were investigated. The specimens were assessed for the syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin expressions using a semi-quantitative method in which the intensity of membranous staining was evaluated. RESULTS: In almost all the cases the expression of the E-cadherin and beta-catenin was very similar. These adhesion molecules were progressively reduced in the epidermis of normal sun-damaged skin through premalignant lesions to squamous cell carcinoma. Also, the expression of syndecan-1 was similar to the E-cadherin and beta-catenin expressions except for a normal expression in premalignant lesions. But all three adhesion molecules were diminished with decreasing cell differentiation. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin are expressed similarly in the epithelium, and that the decreased expression of these adhesion molecules is associated with malignant transformation.